Gram-Negative Bacteria: “Inner” vs. “Cytoplasmic” or “Plasma Membrane”: A Question of Clarity rather than Vocabulary
نویسندگان
چکیده
As explained in biochemistry or cell biology textbooks, all living cells are surrounded by a cytoplasmic (or plasma) membrane, containing phospholipids, proteins and other components that can be characteristic of the type of cell or organism. Sometimes, a more rigid, net-like cell wall constitutes an additional protective layer and lies outside the cytoplasmic membrane, for examples, peptidoglycan in bacteria and cellulose in plants.
منابع مشابه
Depolarization, bacterial membrane composition, and the antimicrobial action of ceragenins.
Ceragenins are cholic acid-derived antimicrobial agents that mimic the activity of endogenous antimicrobial peptides. Ceragenins target bacterial membranes, yet the consequences of these interactions have not been fully elucidated. The role of the outer membrane in allowing access of the ceragenins to the cytoplasmic membrane of gram-negative bacteria was studied using the ML-35p mutant strain ...
متن کاملThe Outer Membrane of Gram-negative Bacteria and the Cytoplasmic Membrane The Outer Membrane of Gram-Negative Bacteria
The major permeability barrier in any membrane is the lipid bilayer structure, and its barrier property is inversely correlated with its fluidity. Bacteria cannot make this membrane much less fluid or it will start to interfere with the normal functions of the membrane proteins, so some bacteria have constructed an additional structure that surrounds the cell outside the cytoplasmic membrane. A...
متن کاملOuter-Inner Membrane Vesicles Naturally Secreted by Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria
Outer-inner membrane vesicles (O-IMVs) were recently described as a new type of membrane vesicle secreted by the Antarctic bacterium Shewanella vesiculosa M7T. Their formation is characterized by the protrusion of both outer and plasma membranes, which pulls cytoplasmic components into the vesicles. To demonstrate that this is not a singular phenomenon in a bacterium occurring in an extreme env...
متن کاملProtein Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacteria
P rotein export systems are present in all living organisms, including gram-negative bacteria and the eukaryotic organelles that derived from them (Table 1). In contrast to other organisms, however, gram-negative bacteria contain numerous, apparently independent systems for exporting proteins, including at least eight types that mediate export across or insertion into the inner cytoplasmic memb...
متن کاملStructure and Evolution of Prokaryotic Cell Envelopes
B acterial cytoplasmic membranes consist primarily of amphipathic phospholipids with lesser amounts of glycolipids, providing a degree of protection from deleterious, toxic substances that is lacking in organisms having a single membrane. Almost all bacterial membranes are assembled in bilayers with embedded integral and associated peripheral membrane proteins. In the case of gram-negative bact...
متن کامل